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Incidence de la politique monétaire sur la croissance économique en république démocratique du Congo de 2003 à  2018.


par Shadrack Mashala
Université de Lubumbashi - Licence en économie monétaire 2019
  

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Annexes

~ 1 ~

A. ANALYSE DE LA STATIONARITE A.1 CSS (Croissance économique)

CSS à niveau sans tendance ni constance

Null Hypothesis: CSS has a unit root

Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 9 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -0.959149 0.2973

Test critical values: 1% level -2.608490

5% level -1.946996

10% level -1.612934

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(CSS)

Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:05

Sample (adjusted): 2005Q3 2018Q4 Included observations: 54 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

CSS(-1) -0.010602 0.011054 -0.959149 0.3427

D(CSS(-1)) 0.703874 0.132994 5.292526 0.0000

D(CSS(-2)) 0.146384 0.139140 1.052061 0.2985

D(CSS(-3)) 0.042183 0.141077 0.299009 0.7663

D(CSS(-4)) -0.973929 0.146505 -6.647737 0.0000

D(CSS(-5)) 0.705037 0.178102 3.958602 0.0003

D(CSS(-6)) 0.073763 0.140533 0.524880 0.6023

D(CSS(-7)) 0.012824 0.141675 0.090517 0.9283

D(CSS(-8)) -0.711354 0.157091 -4.528291 0.0000

D(CSS(-9)) 0.537907 0.147490 3.647070 0.0007

R-squared 0.658426 Mean dependent var -0.084740

Adjusted R-squared 0.588559 S.D. dependent var 0.785433

S.E. of regression 0.503805 Akaike info criterion 1.632322

Sum squared resid 11.16807 Schwarz criterion 2.000653

Log likelihood -34.07270 Hannan-Quinn criter. 1.774373
Durbin-Watson stat 2.079698

CSS en différence première sans tendance ni constance

Null Hypothesis: D(CSS) has a unit root

Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 8 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -1.963887 0.0482

Test critical values: 1% level -2.608490

5% level -1.946996

10% level -1.612934

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(CSS,2)

Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:08

Sample (adjusted): 2005Q3 2018Q4 Included observations: 54 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

D(CSS(-1)) -0.476197 0.242477 -1.963887 0.0557

D(CSS(-1),2) 0.185175 0.208146 0.889638 0.3784

D(CSS(-2),2) 0.327944 0.203201 1.613890 0.1135

D(CSS(-3),2) 0.363175 0.202131 1.796732 0.0791

D(CSS(-4),2) -0.618014 0.203596 -3.035495 0.0040

D(CSS(-5),2) 0.092137 0.142927 0.644643 0.5224

D(CSS(-6),2) 0.164409 0.142061 1.157314 0.2533

D(CSS(-7),2) 0.173627 0.143861 1.206910 0.2338

D(CSS(-8),2) -0.540790 0.147328 -3.670646 0.0006

R-squared 0.648513 Mean dependent var -0.011007

Adjusted R-squared 0.586027 S.D. dependent var 0.782330

S.E. of regression 0.503357 Akaike info criterion 1.615978

Sum squared resid 11.40158 Schwarz criterion 1.947475

Log likelihood -34.63141 Hannan-Quinn criter. 1.743824
Durbin-Watson stat 2.068400

A.2 LBNBCC (taux du Bon BCC)

LBNBCC à niveau sans tendance ni constance

Null Hypothesis: LBNBCC has a unit root

Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 9 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -1.168533 0.2185

Test critical values: 1% level -2.608490

5% level -1.946996

10% level -1.612934

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(LBNBCC)

Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:13

Sample (adjusted): 2005Q3 2018Q4 Included observations: 54 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

LBNBCC(-1) -0.025168 0.021538 -1.168533 0.2489

D(LBNBCC(-1)) 0.696219 0.135485 5.138701 0.0000

D(LBNBCC(-2)) 0.167748 0.142478 1.177360 0.2454

D(LBNBCC(-3)) 0.058949 0.144696 0.407396 0.6857

D(LBNBCC(-4)) -1.081963 0.144538 -7.485668 0.0000

D(LBNBCC(-5)) 0.756907 0.187162 4.044130 0.0002

D(LBNBCC(-6)) 0.103419 0.143303 0.721683 0.4743

D(LBNBCC(-7)) 0.029240 0.144028 0.203016 0.8401

D(LBNBCC(-8)) -0.615956 0.142829 -4.312548 0.0001

D(LBNBCC(-9)) 0.430058 0.136170 3.158253 0.0029

R-squared 0.693985 Mean dependent var -0.031418

~ 2 ~

Adjusted R-squared 0.631391 S.D. dependent var 0.615837

S.E. of regression 0.373894 Akaike info criterion 1.035886

Sum squared resid 6.151052 Schwarz criterion 1.404217

Log likelihood -17.96893 Hannan-Quinn criter. 1.177937
Durbin-Watson stat 2.053745

LBNBCC en différence première avec tendance et constance

Null Hypothesis: D(LBNBCC) has a unit root

Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 8 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -2.348632 0.0195

Test critical values: 1% level -2.608490

5% level -1.946996

10% level -1.612934

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(LBNBCC,2) Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:21

Sample (adjusted): 2005Q3 2018Q4 Included observations: 54 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

D(LBNBCC(-1)) -0.573021 0.243981 -2.348632 0.0233

D(LBNBCC(-1),2) 0.260374 0.208728 1.247431 0.2187

D(LBNBCC(-2),2) 0.414989 0.205627 2.018160 0.0496

D(LBNBCC(-3),2) 0.455124 0.206955 2.199141 0.0330

D(LBNBCC(-4),2) -0.648925 0.205470 -3.158245 0.0028

D(LBNBCC(-5),2) 0.095886 0.139867 0.685551 0.4965

D(LBNBCC(-6),2) 0.194367 0.139627 1.392043 0.1708

D(LBNBCC(-7),2) 0.214097 0.140790 1.520686 0.1353

D(LBNBCC(-8),2) -0.415180 0.136122 -3.050046 0.0038

R-squared 0.702631 Mean dependent var -0.012906

Adjusted R-squared 0.649765 S.D. dependent var 0.634345

S.E. of regression 0.375409 Akaike info criterion 1.029411

Sum squared resid 6.341940 Schwarz criterion 1.360908

Log likelihood -18.79410 Hannan-Quinn criter. 1.157257
Durbin-Watson stat 2.022600

A.3 LCRED (niveau des crédits accordés à l'économie)

LCRED à niveau avec constance sans tendance

Null Hypothesis: LCRED has a unit root

Exogenous: Constant

Lag Length: 8 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -4.357775 0.0009

Test critical values: 1% level -3.555023

5% level -2.915522

10% level -2.595565 *MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(LCRED) Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:26

Sample (adjusted): 2005Q2 2018Q4 Included observations: 55 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

LCRED(-1) -0.036544 0.008386 -4.357775 0.0001

D(LCRED(-1)) 0.446521 0.128657 3.470638 0.0012

D(LCRED(-2)) 0.199485 0.144189 1.383496 0.1733

D(LCRED(-3)) 0.102486 0.145439 0.704666 0.4846

D(LCRED(-4)) -1.004966 0.137742 -7.295978 0.0000

D(LCRED(-5)) 0.314475 0.138369 2.272720 0.0279

D(LCRED(-6)) 0.139659 0.145536 0.959621 0.3424

D(LCRED(-7)) 0.076717 0.144429 0.531178 0.5979

D(LCRED(-8)) -0.447108 0.129838 -3.443576 0.0013

C 0.594038 0.130801 4.541552 0.0000

R-squared 0.732942 Mean dependent var 0.067449

Adjusted R-squared 0.679530 S.D. dependent var 0.079739

S.E. of regression 0.045140 Akaike info criterion -3.195125

Sum squared resid 0.091693 Schwarz criterion -2.830155

Log likelihood 97.86593 Hannan-Quinn criter. -3.053988

F-statistic 13.72252 Durbin-Watson stat 1.841220

Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

A.4 LRO (taux du coefficient de réserve obligatoire)

LRO à niveau avec tendance et constance

Null Hypothesis: LRO has a unit root

Exogenous: Constant, Linear Trend

Lag Length: 9 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -3.493347 0.0502

Test critical values: 1% level -4.137279

5% level -3.495295

10% level -3.176618

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(LRO)

Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:27

Sample (adjusted): 2005Q3 2018Q4 Included observations: 54 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

LRO(-1) -0.111596 0.031945 -3.493347 0.0011

D(LRO(-1)) 0.662966 0.115537 5.738135 0.0000

D(LRO(-2)) 0.169449 0.099603 1.701245 0.0963

D(LRO(-3)) 0.116711 0.100497 1.161341 0.2521

D(LRO(-4)) -1.059319 0.102859 -10.29874 0.0000

D(LRO(-5)) 0.758620 0.148938 5.093517 0.0000

D(LRO(-6)) 0.094570 0.097681 0.968153 0.3385

~ 3 ~

D(LRO(-7)) 0.061263 0.098127 0.624321 0.5358

D(LRO(-8)) -0.673348 0.102087 -6.595801 0.0000

D(LRO(-9)) 0.495259 0.104962 4.718456 0.0000

C 0.135205 0.031029 4.357351 0.0001

@TREND("2003Q1"

) 0.002530 0.000961 2.631447 0.0118

R-squared 0.850510 Mean dependent var 0.036746

Adjusted R-squared 0.811358 S.D. dependent var 0.074937

S.E. of regression 0.032547 Akaike info criterion -3.819108

Sum squared resid 0.044492 Schwarz criterion -3.377112

Log likelihood 115.1159 Hannan-Quinn criter. -3.648648

F-statistic 21.72321 Durbin-Watson stat 2.251481

Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

LRO en différence première sans tendance ni constance

Null Hypothesis: D(LRO) has a unit root

Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 8 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -1.017734 0.2740

Test critical values: 1% level -2.608490

5% level -1.946996

10% level -1.612934

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(LRO,2)

Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:29

Sample (adjusted): 2005Q3 2018Q4 Included observations: 54 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

D(LRO(-1)) -0.126813 0.124603 -1.017734 0.3142

D(LRO(-1),2) 0.051206 0.128605 0.398163 0.6924

D(LRO(-2),2) 0.129846 0.127159 1.021135 0.3126

D(LRO(-3),2) 0.146242 0.127933 1.143115 0.2590

D(LRO(-4),2) -1.026712 0.129354 -7.937200 0.0000

D(LRO(-5),2) 0.030763 0.101845 0.302051 0.7640

D(LRO(-6),2) 0.079529 0.101208 0.785804 0.4361

D(LRO(-7),2) 0.087908 0.102246 0.859767 0.3945

D(LRO(-8),2) -0.659730 0.103499 -6.374284 0.0000

R-squared 0.790180 Mean dependent var -0.000154

Adjusted R-squared 0.752879 S.D. dependent var 0.076791

S.E. of regression 0.038174 Akaike info criterion -3.542319

Sum squared resid 0.065576 Schwarz criterion -3.210822

Log likelihood 104.6426 Hannan-Quinn criter. -3.414474

Durbin-Watson stat 2.219603

LRO en différence seconde sans tendance ni constance

Null Hypothesis: D(LRO,2) has a unit root

Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 7 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -6.768039 0.0000

Test critical values: 1% level -2.608490

5% level -1.946996

10% level -1.612934

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(LRO,3)

Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:31

Sample (adjusted): 2005Q3 2018Q4 Included observations: 54 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

D(LRO(-1),2) -2.665969 0.393906 -6.768039 0.0000

D(LRO(-1),3) 1.629761 0.364543 4.470693 0.0001

D(LRO(-2),3) 1.672494 0.319914 5.227955 0.0000

D(LRO(-3),3) 1.730753 0.266811 6.486807 0.0000

D(LRO(-4),3) 0.614808 0.216756 2.836413 0.0068

D(LRO(-5),3) 0.607945 0.190346 3.193890 0.0025

D(LRO(-6),3) 0.649365 0.150760 4.307267 0.0001

D(LRO(-7),3) 0.698734 0.096179 7.264933 0.0000

R-squared 0.917909 Mean dependent var -0.002715

Adjusted R-squared 0.905417 S.D. dependent var 0.124173

S.E. of regression 0.038189 Akaike info criterion -3.556600

Sum squared resid 0.067085 Schwarz criterion -3.261936

Log likelihood 104.0282 Hannan-Quinn criter. -3.442959

Durbin-Watson stat 2.259729

A.5 LTXDIR (taux directeur)

LTXDIR à niveau sans tendance ni constance

Null Hypothesis: LTXDIR has a unit root

Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 5 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -1.012808 0.2762

Test critical values: 1% level -2.605442

5% level -1.946549

10% level -1.613181

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(LTXDIR)

Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:33

Sample (adjusted): 2004Q3 2018Q4 Included observations: 58 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

LTXDIR(-1) -0.008530 0.008422 -1.012808 0.3158

D(LTXDIR(-1)) 0.705277 0.128163 5.502965 0.0000

D(LTXDIR(-2)) 0.176527 0.138348 1.275965 0.2076

~ 4 ~

D(LTXDIR(-3)) 0.052633 0.140325 0.375079 0.7091

D(LTXDIR(-4)) -0.587642 0.138541 -4.241661 0.0001

D(LTXDIR(-5)) 0.389492 0.129765 3.001521 0.0041

R-squared 0.591583 Mean dependent var -0.006143

Adjusted R-squared 0.552313 S.D. dependent var 0.257431

S.E. of regression 0.172245 Akaike info criterion -0.582097

Sum squared resid 1.542759 Schwarz criterion -0.368948

Log likelihood 22.88081 Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.499071

Durbin-Watson stat 2.010728

LTXDIR en différence sans tendance ni constance

Null Hypothesis: D(LTXDIR) has a unit root

Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 4 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=10)

t-Statistic Prob.*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -2.259952 0.0242

Test critical values: 1% level -2.605442

5% level -1.946549

10% level -1.613181

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(LTXDIR,2)

Method: Least Squares

Date: 09/17/19 Time: 02:35

Sample (adjusted): 2004Q3 2018Q4 Included observations: 58 after adjustments

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

D(LTXDIR(-1)) -0.293286 0.129775 -2.259952 0.0280

D(LTXDIR(-1),2) -0.000615 0.132686 -0.004634 0.9963

D(LTXDIR(-2),2) 0.174680 0.132134 1.321988 0.1918

D(LTXDIR(-3),2) 0.221553 0.132890 1.667198 0.1014

D(LTXDIR(-4),2) -0.376137 0.129124 -2.912978 0.0052

R-squared 0.400110 Mean dependent var -0.008671

Adjusted R-squared 0.354835 S.D. dependent var 0.214495

S.E. of regression 0.172287 Akaike info criterion -0.597045

Sum squared resid 1.573193 Schwarz criterion -0.419421

Log likelihood 22.31431 Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.527857

Durbin-Watson stat 1.989906

~ 5 ~

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"La première panacée d'une nation mal gouvernée est l'inflation monétaire, la seconde, c'est la guerre. Tous deux apportent une prospérité temporaire, tous deux apportent une ruine permanente. Mais tous deux sont le refuge des opportunistes politiques et économiques"   Hemingway