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Development of a computerized provider order entry system for laboratory

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par Gérard Bisama Mutshipayi
University of Ghana - Master of Science (MSc) 2015
  

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5.2. System development life cycle

The systems development life cycle (SDLC)was applied to provide a descriptive or prescriptive characterization of how the CPOE systemwas developed. The SDLC describes phases of the software cycle and the order in which those phases are executed. (Ragunath, Velmourougan, Davachelvan, Kayalvizhi, & Ravimohan, 2010).

According to the SDLC approach, we followed the phases cited below for the design of the system (Parsons & Oja, 2014):

1. The planning phase

2. The analysis phase

3. The design phase

4. The development and testing phase

5. The implementation phase

6. The maintenance phase

The implementation and the maintenance phase involve the installation of the new information system and the conversion of the organization procedures to use it. In this study the deployment of the new system in a hospital is not planned so the implementation and the maintenance phase was not part of the study.

5.3. The planning phase

The planning phase is the fundamental process of understanding the main reason for building the new information system (IS).Itdetermines how the project team will proceed to achieve the goal. It has two steps: the project initiation and the project management (Dennis, Wixom, & Roth, 2012).

During project initiation, we have to identify the task performed by different actors in the lab order management and the challenges of using manual system or no optimized system to manage lab test data. The structured interview technique is one of the efficient way of collecting information on the user needs. Based on the information found in the literature reviewrelated to our study, the laboratory order communication between medical staff within the hospital, the risk of miss to follow-up of the patient lab results and the notification of the test results to both referring clinicians and patients are the main problems identified at the health facility that provide advance clinical care, laboratory and diagnostic techniques to a lot of people in a clearly defined area. Thus, these problems could correspond to the problems found at the district hospital based on the functional levels of health care distribution in Ghana. Since we did not work with a particular district hospital due to time constraint and the limited budget we have consider the district hospital structure in Ghana as study setting, and the information used at this step are based on existing literature as stated in the background section of the work. The project management step plan correspond the research study plan and the deliverable is the CPOE system.

At the end of this phase, the recommendation done to the hospital management can be formulated in the terms of designing a Computerized Provider Order Entry System for laboratoryorder management with notification capabilities using SMS and Email.

5.4. The analysis phase

5.4.1. The existing situation

According to the study, a district hospital with a manual and paper laboratory based system constitute our study setting, and the aim of the project is to create a new automated system for laboratory order management. The loop-holes found in the manual system according to the literature reviews are: inappropriate test request from clinician, error in patient identification and specimen collection, failure in communicating laboratory result to both patient and referring clinician (Plebani, 2010) and breaking in the workflow communication process between clinical staff within the hospital setting.(Maslove et al., 2011)

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