Méthodes d'évaluation de la
vulnérabilité des eaux
souterraines
1- Etat d'art
Actuellement, il existe plus que 24 méthodes
d'évaluation de la vulnérabilité qui pourraient être
subdivisé en 3 groupes (Civita, 1994; Vrba et Zaporozec, 1995), In
Civita et De Maio,(2004):
A- Méthodes comparatives
Pour les aires d'études étendues et
homogènes, elles prennent en considération 2 à 3
paramètres.(complexes hydrogéologiques et création
d'évaluation - HCS); Homogeneous area zoning (hydrogeologic complex
and setting assessment)
B- méthodes des relations analogiques (AR) et des
modèles numériques ;
(Analogical relation (AR) and numerical
model assessment.)
Elles sont basées sur des lois mathématiques
simples ou complexes.
C- méthodes des systèmes
paramétriques
Évaluation du système paramétrique:
Systèmes Matrix [MS]; Matrix Systems,
Evaluation Systems [RS] Rating T Systems
et Point modèles du système comte [PCSM ]
Point Count System Models Parametric
system assessment.
18
Tableau.1. Méthode d'évaluation de la
vulnérabilité à la pollution et informations de base
relative (Civita et De Maio, 2004)/ Methods of assessing vulnerability to
pollution and the relative basic information
|
Methodology
|
TYPE
|
BASIC INFORMATION
|
|
Reference and/or
name
|
Precipitaion rate and chemical composition
|
Topography surface and slop variability
|
Surficial streamflow and network density
|
Thickness texture and mineralogy
|
Effectve moisture
|
Permeability
|
Physical and chemical properties
|
Aquifer connection to surficial waters
|
Net recharge
|
Hydrogeologic features of insaturated zone
|
Depth to water
|
Piezometre level changes
|
Aquifer hydrogeologic features
|
Aquifer hydraulic conductivity
|
|
Albinet & Margat (1970) BRGM (1970)
|
HCS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
Vrana (1968)
Olmer & Rezac (1974)
|
HCS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Fenge (1976)
|
RS
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
Josopait &
Swerdtfeger (1976)
|
HCS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
Vierhuff, Wagner & Aust (1980)
|
HCS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
Zampetti (1983) Fried (1987)
|
AR
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Villumsen, Jacobsen & Sonderskov (1983
|
RS
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
Haertle' (1983)
|
MS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Vrana (1984)
|
HCS
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Subirana, Asturias & Casas Ponsati (1984)
|
HCS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
Engelen (1985)
|
MS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
Zaporozec (edit., 1985)
|
RS
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
Breeuwsma et al. (1986)
|
HCS
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
19
Sotornikova & Vrba (1987)
|
RS
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
Ostry et al. (1987)
|
HCS
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
Minstr. Flemish Comm (1986)
Goossens & Van Damme (1987)
|
MS
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
Carter et al. (1987) Palmer (1988)
|
MS
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
Marcolongo & Pretto (1987)
method. 1
|
RS
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Marcolongo & Pretto (1987)
method. 2
|
AR
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
GOD Foster (1987, 1988)
|
RS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
Schmidt (1987)
|
RS
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
Troyan & Perry (1988)
|
PCSM
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
GNDCI BASIC (Civita, 1990)
|
HCS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
DRASTIC
Aller et al. (1985 - 1987)
|
PCSM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
SINTACS (Civita, 1991; Civita &
De Maio, 1997, 2000)
|
PCSM
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
ISIS (De Regibus,1994)
|
PCSM
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
| 
